(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986
Amended according to the Decision on Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000)
Article 1 With a view to expanding economic cooperation and technological exchange with foreign countries and promoting the development of China's national economy, the People's Republic of China permits foreign enterprises, other foreign economic organizations and individuals (hereinafter collectively referred to as "foreign investors") to set up enterprises with foreign capital in China and protects the lawful rights and interests of such enterprises.
Article 2 As mentioned in this Law, "enterprises with foreign capital" refers to those enterprises established in China by foreign investors, exclusively with their own capital, in accordance with relevant Chinese laws. The term does not include branches set up in China by foreign enterprises and other foreign economic organizations.
Article 3 Enterprises with foreign capital shall be established in such a manner as to help the development of China's national economy. The State may encourage the establishment of foreign-capital enterprises that are export-oriented or technologically advanced.
Regulations shall be formulated by the State Council regarding the lines of business which the State forbids enterprises with foreign capital to engage in or on which it places certain restrictions.
Article 4 The investments of a foreign investor in China, the profits it earns and its other lawful rights and interests are protected by Chinese law.
Enterprises with foreign capital shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations and may not engage in any activities detrimental to China's public interests.
Article 5 The State does not nationalize or requisition any enterprise with foreign capital. However, under special circumstances when public interests require, enterprises with foreign capital may be requisitioned through legal procedures and appropriate compensation shall be made.
Article 6 The application to establish an enterprise with foreign capital shall be submitted for examination and approval to the department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade, or to an institution authorized by the State Council. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 90 days from the date they receives such application, decide whether or not to grant approval.
Article 7 When the application for the establishment of an enterprise with foreign capital is approved, the foreign investor shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving the certificate of approval, apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration in order to obtain a business licence. The date of issue of the business licence of foreign-capital enterprise shall be the date of its establishment,
Article 8 An enterprise with foreign capital which meets the conditions for being considered a legal person under Chinese law shall acquire the status of a Chinese legal person in accordance with law.
Article 9 An enterprise with foreign capital shall make investments in China within the period approved by the authorities in charge of examination and approval. If it fails to do so, the administrative departments for industry and commerce shall have the power to cancel its business licence.
The administrative department for industry and commerce shall inspect and supervise the investment situation of an enterprise with foreign capital.
Article 10 In the event of separation, merger or other major change, an enterprise with foreign capital shall report the matter to and seek approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval, and register the change with the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 11 Enterprises with foreign capital shall conduct their operation and management in accordance with the approved articles of association and shall be free from any interference.
Article 12 When employing Chinese workers and staff, an enterprise with foreign capital shall conclude contracts with them according to law, in which matters concerning employment, dismissal, remuneration, welfare benefits, occupational protection and labour insurance shall be clearly prescribed.
Article 13 Workers and staff of enterprises with foreign capital may organize trade unions in accordance with law, in order to conduct trade union activities and protect their lawful rights and interests.
The said enterprises shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the trade unions in their respective enterprises.
Article 14 An enterprise with foreign capital shall set up account books in China, conduct independent accounting, submit the fiscal reports and statements as required and accept supervision by the financial and tax authorities.
If an enterprise with foreign capital refuses to maintain account books in China, the financial and tax authorities may impose a fine on it, and the administrative department for industry and commerce may order it to suspend operation or may revoke its business licence.
Article 15 A foreign-capital enterprise may, in adherence to the principles of fairness and rationality, purchase on both the Chinese and the world market the raw and semi-processed materials, fuels and other materials it needs within the approved scope of operation.
Article 16 Enterprises with foreign capital shall apply to insurance companies in China for such kinds of insurance coverage as are needed.
Article 17 Enterprises with foreign capital shall pay taxes in accordance with relevant State regulations for tax payment, and may enjoy preferential treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes.
An enterprise with foreign capital that reinvests its profits in China after paying the income tax may, in accordance with relevant State regulations, apply for refund of a part of the income tax already paid on the reinvested amount.
Article 18 An enterprise with foreign capital shall handle its foreign exchange transactions in accordance with the State regulations on foreign exchange control.
An enterprise with foreign capital shall open an account with the Bank of China or with a bank designated by the State authority exercising foreign exchange control.
Article 19 The foreign investor may remit abroad the profits that are lawfully earned from an enterprise with its investment, as well as other lawful earnings and any funds remaining after the enterprise is liquidated.
Wages, salaries and other legitimate income earned by foreign employees in an enterprise with foreign capital may be remitted abroad after the payment of individual income tax in accordance with law.
Article 20 With respect to the period of operation of an enterprise with foreign capital, the foreign investor shall report to and secure approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval. For an extension of the period of operation, an application shall be submitted to the said authorities 180 days before the expiration of the period. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving such application, decide whether or not to grant the extension.
Article 21 When terminating its operation, an enterprise with foreign capital shall promptly issue a public notice and proceed with liquidation in accordance with legal procedure.
Pending the completion of liquidation, a foreign investor may not dispose of the assets of the enterprise except for the purpose of liquidation.
Article 22 At the termination of operation, the enterprise with foreign capital shall cancel its registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce and hand in its business licence for cancellation.
Article 23 The department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 24 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of its promulgation.
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杨春宝一级律师简介
杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多常见法律问题
外资企业的法律定义和设立条件是什么?
外资企业是中国法律对外国投资者在中国境内设立、全部资本由其投入的企业形式的专门称谓,其法律内涵强调资本全部来源于外国投资者,且企业系依照中国法律在中国境内设立。该定义排除了外国企业在中国设立的分支机构,两者法律地位不同。外资企业设立须符合中国国民经济发展的需要,国家鼓励出口型或技术先进型企业,同时对于禁止或限制外资进入的行业,由国务院作出规定,体现产业政策导向。n在实务框架下,外国投资者包括外国企业、其他经济组织和个人,均具备申请设立外资企业的资格。设立流程上,投资者需向国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或其授权机关提交申请,审批机关自收到申请之日起90日内作出批准与否的决定。取得批准证书后30日内,投资者应向工商行政管理机关办理登记并领取营业执照,营业执照签发日期即企业成立日期。符合中国法律关于法人条件规定的,可依法取得中国法人资格。此外,投资者应当在审批机关核准的期限内按期出资,未按期出资的,工商机关有权吊销执照。n实务操作中,外资企业设立的核心风险集中在行业准入与出资合规两个环节。投资者需提前核实拟从事业务是否属于禁止或限制类,避免因行业限制导致审批失败。取得批准后应严格按核准期限履行出资义务,否则将面临营业执照被吊销的后果。同时应关注营业执照签发后的法人地位取得、公章刻制、银行开户、税务登记等后续事项,确保企业成立后即可合法开展运营。建议投资者在设立前充分了解相关审批与登记规范,预留充足时间,防范程序性法律风险。
外资企业享有哪些经营自主权和法律保护?
法律对外资企业的保护与经营自主权体现在多个层面。在财产权保护方面,国家对外资企业不实行国有化和征收;只有在特殊情形下且基于公共利益需要,才可能依照法定程序实施征收,并给予相应补偿。外国投资者在中国的投资、获得的利润以及其他合法权益均受中国法律保护。外资企业须遵守中国法律,不得从事损害中国公共利益的活动,体现权利与义务相统一原则。经营管理方面,企业可依据经批准的章程自主开展经营,不受非法干预。n从制度建设看,外资企业在用工方面有权依法与职工签订劳动合同,明确聘用、解雇、报酬、福利、劳动保护、劳动保险等事项,职工可依法组织工会,企业应为工会活动提供必要条件。经营活动中,企业可在批准范围内自主采购所需的原材料、燃料等物资,并遵循公平合理原则。保险应在中国境内保险公司投保。税收方面,企业依法纳税并享受减免优惠,将税后利润再投资的可申请退还已缴部分税款。外汇交易须遵守外汇管理规定,在指定银行开户。n实务操作中,外资企业应高度重视合规经营与自律管理。一方面要依法建立财务账簿,进行独立核算,按期报送财务报告,接受财税部门监督,否则可能被罚款、责令停业乃至吊销执照。另一方面,涉及分离、合并等重大变更须事先报批并办理变更登记,不得擅自进行。当企业决定延长经营期时,应在期限届满前规定时间内提出申请。保护与自主并非无限,企业须在遵守中国法律、尊重公共利益的前提下行使权利。建议企业建立完善的内部合规制度,定期审查用工、税务、外汇等环节的执行情况,以保障长期稳定运营。
外资企业终止运营时有哪些法律要求?
外资企业终止运营在法律上须遵循法定程序,核心要求是公告与清算。法律规定,企业终止时应及时发布公告,并按照法定清算程序处理债权债务。清算期间,除为实现清算目的外,外国投资者不得处分企业资产,这一限制旨在保障债权人利益和清算的公正性。清算完成后,企业须向工商行政管理机关办理注销登记,缴销营业执照,完成法人资格消灭的法定程序。同时,外国投资者依法清算后剩余的财产资金可汇往境外,但需符合外汇管理规定。n在经营期限管理方面,外资企业的经营期限由外国投资者申报并经审批机关批准。如需延长经营期限,应在期限届满前180日提出申请,审批机关收到申请后30日内作出决定。这意味着企业须提前规划,避免因未能及时申请导致经营期届满而被动终止。此外,企业发生终止事由时,应立即启动清算程序,通知已知债权人并公告,组织清算组进行财产清理、债务清偿和剩余财产分配,程序完备后方可注销。n实务中,外资企业终止环节的常见争议集中于清算期间资产处置和债务清偿顺序。部分企业可能在清算未完成时擅自转移资产或优先清偿关联方债务,此类行为违反规则并可能引发法律责任。正确的做法是:成立清算组,编制资产负债表和财产清单,制定清算方案,经审批或债权人确认后执行。清算期间应停止与清算无关的经营活动。注销登记前,还需完成税务注销、外汇账户关闭、海关手续等。建议企业在运营过程中持续关注经营期限,如需存续应提前申请延期;如决定终止,应聘请专业机构辅助清算,确保程序合法、资产处置合规,避免因程序瑕疵影响投资者后续在华投资活动。
以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn



