Interim Measures For the Administration of the Foreign-invested Development and Management of Tracts of Land

文章摘要 本文围绕外商投资成片土地开发管理展开,系统阐述了成片开发的定义、项目审批权限划分、开发企业设立形式、土地使用权取得与转让条件、开发规划要求及地下资源归属等核心规则。文章明确了成片开发须通过中外合资、合作或外资独资企业进行,企业享有经营自主权但无行政管理权;土地使用权转让须以完成开发计划和合同条件为前提,防止土地闲置或投机。同时强调开发项目须符合城市规划与环保标准,并规定不同规模项目分别由省级政府或国务院审批。对涉外土地投资者、地方招商部门及法律实务人员具有重要参考价值,有助于规范成片开发流程、防范法律风险。

     Article 1  
     These Measures are formulated for the purpose of attracting foreign investment for the development and management of tracts of land (hereinafter referred to as "tract development") so as to intensify the construction of public works, improve the environment for investment,introduce foreign-invested technically advanced enterprises and export-oriented enterprises and develop the export-oriented economy.  
  
    Article 2  
     The term "tract development" as used in these Measures means that after obtaining the right to the use of state-owned land, the investors shall carry out, as planned, comprehensive development and construction on the land, including levelling the ground and constructing such public works as water supply and drainage systems, power and heat supply systems, roads and communications networks, and communications facilities, so that conditions shall be created for the land to be used for industrial or other construction purposes. The investor shall then transfer the right to the use of the land for operating public utilities, or proceed to construct such above-ground buildings as industrial houses and the supporting facilities for production and everyday life services and engage in the business activities of transferring or leasing these above-ground buildings.  
  
     Definite development targets shall be specified for tract development and there shall be definite construction projects that are intended to make use of the developed land.  
     Article 3  
     With respect to a project to attract foreign investment for tract development, the municipal or county people's government shall organize the drawing up of a tract development project proposal (or a feasibility study report, the same hereinafter).   
     With respect to a tract development project which is to make use of 1,000 mu or less of arable land or 2,000 mu or less of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive development falls within the limits of powers for examination and approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government (including the people's government or administrative committee of a special economic zone, the same hereinafter), the project proposal shall be submitted to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for examination and approval.  
     With respect to a tract development project which is to make use of more than 1,000 mu of arable land or more than 2,000 mu of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive development exceeds the limits of powers for examination and approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, the project proposal shall be submitted, through the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, to the State Planning Commission for examination, verification and overall balancing and then to the State Council of the People's Republic of China for examination and approval.   
     Article 4  
     Foreign investors who intend to invest for tract development shall, in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises, form a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a foreign-capital enterprise (hereinafter referred to as a "development enterprise") to engage in the development and management of the tract of land.  
     Development enterprises shall be governed and protected by the law of China and all their activities shall abide by the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China. Development enterprises shall have the right to act on their own in business operations and management in accordance with the law, but they shall have no administrative power in their development areas. The relationship between a development enterprise and other enterprises shall be of a commercial nature.   
     The State encourages the state-owned enterprises to form development enterprises with foreign investors by using the right to the use of state-owned land as investment or condition of co-operation.   
     Article 5  
     Development enterprises shall obtain the right to the use of the state-owned land in their development areas in accordance with the Law.  
     In assigning the right to the use of State-owned land to a development enterprise, the people's government of the municipality or county where the development area is located shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of land, rationally specify the bounds of the tract of land, the purpose of its use, the term of assignment, the assignment fee and other conditions, sign a contract for assigning the State-owned land and submit it for approval in accordance with the limits of powers for examination and approval with respect to the assignment of the right to the use of State-owned land.  
  
     Article 6  
     After the right to the use of State-owned land has been assigned, the resources and objects buried thereunder shall continue to be owned by the State. If it is necessary to exploit and utilize them, the exploitation and utilization shall be administered in accordance with the pertinent laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State.  
     Article 7  
     A development enterprise shall draw up a tract development plan or a feasibility study report which shall specify the overall targets and respective targets for different stages, the specific details and requirements in the actual development, and the plan to utilize the developed land.   
  
     The tract development plan or feasibility study report shall, after examination and verification by the municipal or county people's government, be submitted to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for examination and approval. The examining and approving authorities shall organize the competent authorities concerned to provide co-ordination concerning the construction and management of the relevant public works.  
     Article 8  
     If the development area is within the limits of a planned urban area, the various items of development and construction shall be in conformity with the requirements of city planning and be submitted to the administration of the planning.  
     The various items of construction in a development area shall be in conformity with the laws, administrative rules and regulations and standards of the State concerning environmental protection.  
    Article 9  
     A development enterprise may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land only after it has carried out the plan of tract development and satisfied all the conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use of the state-owned land. No development enterprise that fails to invest for the development of the land in accordance with the     conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use of the state-owned land and the requirements of the plan for tract development may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land.  
  
     The transfer or mortgage of the right to the use of state-owned land by development enterprises and other enterprises, and the termination of the right to the use of state-owned land shall be handled in accordance with the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of land.  
     Article 10  
     A development enterprise may attract investors to the development area to make investment, accept the transferred right to the use of state-owned land and launch enterprises. Enterprises with foreign investment shall be established in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises.  
  
     The launching of enterprises in the development areas shall be in conformity with the State policy concerning the investment in industries.   
     The State encourages the launching of technically advanced enterprises and export-oriented enterprises.  
     Article 11  
     The postal and communication undertakings in the development areas shall be placed under the unified planning, construction and management of the postal department. Or they may, with the approval of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, be constructed with investment by a development enterprise; or the  
     development  enterprise and the postal department may pool their investment for the construction of communications facilities, which, in either case, shall be transferred, after completion, to the postal department for operation, with financial compensation to be given to the development enterprise in accordance with the contract signed between the two parties.  
  
    Article 12  
     Development enterprises that invest in public utilities of their own such as power stations, heat stations and water plants within the development area may operate the business of power, water and heat supplies within the development area or hand them over to the local enterprises of public utilities for operation. If the capacity of the public utilities is in surplus, which renders it necessary to be supplied to places outside the development area or to be connected to a network outside the development area for operation, the development enterprise shall sign a contract with the local enterprises of public utilities in accordance with the pertinent  
     provisions of the State and operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the contract. If it is necessary for a development area to use water and power resources from outside, the business thereof shall be operated by the local enterprises of public utilities.  
    Article 13  
If a development area covers a coastal port or bay, or a river port sector, the coastline or riverside line shall be placed under the unified planning and administration of the State. The development enterprise may construct and operate a special port area and wharf in accordance with the unified planning of the competent state communication authorities.  
     Article 14  
     No business activities or social activities that are banned by the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State may be engaged within the development areas.  
     Article 15  
     If special administrative measures are required in respect of import and export administration and Customs administration for a development area which is mainly intended for the operation of export processing enterprises, these shall be submitted to the State Council of the People's  
     Republic of China for approval and specific measures of administration shall be formulated by the competent authorities of the State.   
     Article 16  
     The general administration, judicial administration, port administration and Customs administration in a development area shall be organized and exercised respectively by the competent authorities of the State, the people's government of the locality where the development area is situated, and the judicial organs that have jurisdiction.  
     Article 17  
     Tract development with investment by firms, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan shall be governed with reference to these Measures.  
     Article 18  
     These Measures shall be put into effect within the limits of the specific economic zones, the open coastal cities and the open coastal economic zones as of the date of promulgation.

杨春宝一级律师简介

杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多

常见法律问题

外商投资成片土地开发需要满足哪些条件?

法律概念与规则解释:外商投资成片土地开发,指外国投资者在取得国有土地使用权后,按规划进行土地综合开发建设,包括平整土地及建设供水、排水、供电、供热、道路、通信等公用设施,使土地具备工业或其他建设用途,再转让土地使用权或建设并转让、出租地上建筑物。此类开发必须由中外合资、中外合作或外资独资企业承担,企业须遵守中国法律,享有经营自主权但无行政管理权,与其他企业属商业关系。n案件事实与实务场景引用:根据本规定,成片开发项目须先由市、县政府组织编制项目建议书,开发企业还需编制开发规划或可行性研究报告,明确总体目标、分期目标、具体开发内容和建成后土地用途,经市县审核后报省级政府审批。同时,开发企业须通过国有土地出让合同取得土地使用权,合同中明确土地范围、用途、出让年限和出让金等条件。若开发面积超过规定标准,项目建议书须报国务院批准,审批层级较高。n实务指引与风险提示:外商投资成片开发的核心门槛在于两点,一是必须依法设立开发企业并取得国有土地使用权,二是必须编制并获批开发规划,且开发企业不得在未按出让合同条件和开发规划完成投资开发前转让土地。实践中,投资者应重点审查项目审批权限是否完备、出让合同条件是否明确、开发计划是否具备可操作性,避免因程序瑕疵或开发进度不达标导致土地转让受阻,甚至被认定为违规炒地。

成片开发项目如何进行审批与分级管理?

法律概念与规则解释:成片开发项目的审批实行分级管理原则,主要依据项目用地面积和综合开发投资总额确定审批机关。项目建议书是审批的核心文件,市、县政府负责组织编制。对于使用耕地不超过1000亩或其他土地不超过2000亩,且投资额在省级政府审批权限范围内的项目,由省级政府(含经济特区人民政府或管委会)审批;超过上述标准或超出省级审批权限的,须经省级政府上报国家计划部门审核平衡后,由国务院审批。n案件事实与实务场景引用:本规定明确要求市、县政府在组织编制项目建议书时,应确定开发区域的土地边界、用途、出让年限和出让条件,并签订国有土地使用权出让合同。开发企业编制的开发规划或可行性研究报告,须经市县审核后报省级政府批准,审批机关还会组织有关部门协调公用设施建设管理。此外,开发区域位于城市规划区内的,各项建设须符合城市规划要求,并遵守国家环保法规。n实务指引与风险提示:投资者在启动成片开发前,应准确测算项目用地面积和投资总额,对照审批权限判断应当报送的审批机关,避免因审批层级不足而导致项目无效。省级项目建议书获批后,仍需在土地出让合同和开发规划两个层面满足条件。特别要注意,若项目涉及耕地面积较大,审批周期可能较长,建议提前与市县自然资源和招商部门沟通,同步推进土地预审和规划选址,以缩短整体落地时间。

成片开发中土地使用权转让有何限制?

法律概念与规则解释:成片开发中,土地使用权转让并非任意进行,其核心限制在于必须完成实质性开发。土地使用权人只有按照土地出让合同约定的条件和成片开发规划的要求,完成全部或阶段性开发建设后,方可进行转让。未按合同投入开发资金或未实施规划建设的,不得转让土地使用权。这一规则旨在防止土地闲置和投机炒作,确保土地开发真正落地。土地使用权转让或抵押,以及使用权终止,均须遵守国家土地管理法律法规。n案件事实与实务场景引用:本规定明确指出,开发企业在取得出让土地使用权后,地下资源及其他埋藏物仍属国家所有,如需开发利用须另行依法办理。开发企业只有在实施成片开发计划并满足出让合同全部条件后,才能转让国有土地使用权,也可吸引其他投资者进入开发区域,受让土地使用权设立企业。这里强调合同条件和规划要求是转让的前置门槛,实务中审批部门会核验开发进度和实际投资情况。n实务指引与风险提示:受让方在受让成片开发项目土地使用权前,应审查转让方是否已完成合同约定的开发义务,例如土地是否达到三通一平或七通一平标准,公用设施是否建成等。若未完成开发即转让,转让合同可能因违反强制性规定而无效,或无法办理变更登记。建议在转让协议中明确约定开发完成节点、已投资额证明文件及违约责任,同时核实地下资源归属和环保合规情况,防范隐含债务和行政处罚风险。

以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn

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