Trademark Review Case- The Success in the Review of SHDS Trademark Opposition

文章摘要 本文通过锦江航运成功异议SHDS商标的案例,说明通用名称缺乏显著性的法律规则。HDS与SHDS作为航运业内约定俗成的快捷交货服务简称,被日资企业申请商标注册,企图垄断行业术语。商标局及商标评审委员会依据商标法关于显著性要求的规定,认定涉案标识属于行业通用名称,无法起到区分服务来源的作用,最终驳回注册申请。该案例对行业经营者防范恶意抢注、维护公共资源具有实务指导意义。

“HDS” is the abbreviation for “Hot Delivery Service”, meaning the fast delivery service based on punctual departure, arrival and picking of goods. “SHDS” is the abbreviation for “Super Hot Delivery Service”. Since the start of this century, fast delivery service had emerged in near-sea shipping line between China and Japan. “HDS” and “SHDS” started to be used to refer to the delivery service ever since and gradually became accepted as a common term used by all parties.


However a Japanese-invested company secretly filed an application of trademark registration regarding “HDS” and ”SHDS” with the Trademark Bureau of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, in an attempt to take the commonly used term for its own. After the Trademark Bureau accepted its application, the company claimed that it had obtained the exclusive right to the two terms and the other companies were banned from using them. Jinjiang Shipping is one of the major companies in the industry, whose business would be severely affected if not allowed to use “HDS “ and ”SHDS”. Therefore, Mr. Yang was engaged to file a trademark opposition with the Trademark Bureau.


Mr. Yang guided and assisted Jinjiang Shipping in the collection of evidence proving that a large number of shipping operators with itself included had long used “HDS” as a common term and that the government, industry association and the media had acknowledged it as the common term for fast delivery service. Evidence was also provided to prove that foreign government and media also accept ‘HDS’ as a common term. Therefore, the “HDS” as applied was a common term used in the industry as an abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”. The application shall be denied on the ground that it lacked distinctiveness. Mr. Yang further pointed out in the statement of trademark opposition that the registration category within which the trademark application was filed was the same as “HDS” which was used as a common term. If the trademark was successfully registered and used, the interest of the whole shipping industry as well as the opponent would be damaged. Since the application of “SHDS” is similar to “HDS”, it shall also be denied.


After hearing the case, Trademark Bureau held that “HDS” was the abbreviation of “Hot Delivery Service”, used by the shipping industry as a common term. The trademark under application therefore lacked distinctiveness. According to Clause 2 Article 11 and Article 33 of the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China, the application was denied. But the application of “SHSD” was sustained, which might be because this case was examined by another official and relied on the result of examination on “HDS”.


Jinjiang Shipping therefore engaged Mr. Yang to file a review application with the Trademark Review Committee , in which it was emphasized that “HDS” was a common term lacking distinctiveness and whose application was denied. “SHDS” was similar to “HDS”. If allowed to be registered, the operators in the industry would be faced with tremendous legal barriers and suffer great loss. Therefore, it shall be denied. The Trademark Review Committee held that “SHDS” was used in shipping business, connoting that the service had a common term and could not distinguish the source of the service provided. The application was therefore denied.

杨春宝一级律师简介

杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多

常见法律问题

什么是商标的显著性和通用名称?为什么通用名称不能注册?

法律概念与规则解释:商标的显著性是指商标能够指示商品或服务来源,使消费者区分不同经营者的特征。通用名称是行业内普遍使用的特定商品或服务的称谓,无法起到识别来源的作用,属于缺乏显著性的情形。根据商标法基本原则,缺乏显著性的标志不得作为商标注册,否则将损害同业经营者的正当使用权,妨碍市场竞争。n案件事实与实务场景引用:本案中,HDS与SHDS分别是快捷交货服务及超级快捷交货服务的英文缩写,自本世纪初在中日近海航线中广泛使用,已被航运各方接受为行业通用术语。日资公司秘密申请注册该术语后,主张独占权并禁止他人使用,锦江航运作为行业主要企业面临严重经营障碍。商标局和商标评审委员会均认定相关标识为航运业务中的通用名称,不具区分来源功能,故驳回注册申请。n实务指引与风险提示:企业在经营中应警惕行业通用名称被他人抢注为商标,一旦发生异议或无效程序,需系统收集行业使用证据,包括同业经营者使用情况、政府及协会认可材料、媒体和国外机构的使用记录等。同时,企业在选择商标时,应避免将通用名称作为商标使用,应设计具有显著性的标识,并保留使用证据,以防被挑战。

在商标异议程序中,如何证明一个标识属于行业通用名称?

法律概念与规则解释:商标异议是公众对初步审定公告的商标依法提出反对意见的程序。在异议中证明标识属于通用名称,需提供充分证据证明该名称在相关行业中已成为约定俗成的通用称谓,且该称谓并不指向特定经营者。判断通用名称应结合该名称的使用历史、使用范围、相关公众认知等因素综合认定。n案件事实与实务场景引用:本案中,杨先生指导锦江航运收集了大量证据,证明包括锦江航运在内的大量航运经营者长期将HDS作为通用术语使用,政府、行业协会及媒体也认可其为快捷交货服务的通用名称,外国政府和媒体同样接受该术语。这些证据全面覆盖了国内外、官方与民间的使用场景,有力支持了HDS属于通用名称的主张,最终使商标局驳回了HDS注册申请。n实务指引与风险提示:在商标异议中证明通用名称,应从多维度收集证据。具体包括行业内企业的销售合同、提单、广告宣传材料,行业期刊、新闻报道,政府主管部门文件,行业协会名录及活动,国外使用情况等。同时,应制作证据清单明确证明目的,并形成完整的证据链。企业平时应注重保存行业术语使用记录,建立行业术语公共使用档案,以便在需要时快速提交有效证据。

本案中SHDS商标异议复审为何能够成功?对航运企业有何启示?

法律概念与规则解释:商标评审委员会负责处理不服商标局决定的复审案件。在复审中,对于相同或类似的通用名称,应当保持审查标准一致。若一个标识因缺乏显著性被驳回,其近似标识同样可能缺乏显著性,不能仅因申请形式不同而获得注册。商标审查应注重标识的实际含义和行业使用状态。n案件事实与实务场景引用:本案中,商标局认为HDS缺乏显著性驳回申请,但以另一审查员审理等为由维持了SHDS的注册。锦江航运随即申请复审,强调SHDS与HDS构成近似,且同样在航运业中作为通用名称使用,若准许注册,业内经营者将面临巨大法律障碍和损失。商标评审委员会经审理,认定SHDS在航运业务中属于通用术语,不能区分服务来源,因此驳回了该申请,维护了行业公共利益。n实务指引与风险提示:该案例启示企业,商标异议与复审程序是相互关联的救济渠道。对于初审中的不利结果,应积极利用复审程序纠正。在复审中,应重点论证争议商标与其他已被驳回商标的近似性及相同的通用名称属性,并强调注册可能对行业造成的整体影响。企业应建立商标监测机制,对行业术语的抢注行为及时提出异议,必要时通过复审程序获得最终救济。

以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn

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